the yellow wallpapera journey into insanity

The Yellow Wallpaper - Journey into Insanity


In "The Yellow Wallpaper", by Charlotte Perkins Gilman,

the dominant/submissive relationship between an oppressive

husband and his submissive wife pushes her from depression

into insanity.


Flawed human nature seems to play a great role in her

breakdown. Her husband, a noted physician, is unwilling to

admit that there might really be something wrong with his

wife. This same attitude is seen in her brother, who is also

a physician. While this attitude, and the actions taken

because of it, certainly contributed to her breakdown; it

seems to me that there is a rebellious spirit in her.

Perhaps unconsciously she seems determined to prove them

wrong.


As the story begins, the woman -- whose name we never

learn -- tells of her depression and how it is dismissed by

her husband and brother. "You see, he does not believe I am

sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high

standing, and one's own husband, assures friends and

relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one

but temporary nervous depression -- a slight hysterical

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tendency -- what is one to do?" (Gilman 193). These two

men -- both doctors -- seem completely unable to admit that

there might be more to her condition than than just stress

and a slight nervous condition. Even when a summer in the

country and weeks of bed-rest don't help, her husband

refuses to accept that she may have a real problem.


Throughout the story there are examples of the dominant

- submissive relationship. She is virtually imprisoned in

her bedroom, supposedly to allow her to rest and recover her

health. She is forbidden to work, "So I . . . am absolutely

forbidden to "work" until I am well again." (Gilman 193).

She is not even supposed to write: "There comes John, and I

must put this away -- he hates to have me write a word."

(Gilman 194).


She has no say in the location or decor of the room she

is virtually imprisoned in: "I don't like our room a bit.

I wanted . . . But John would not hear of it." (Gilman

193).


She can't have visitors: "It is so discouraging not

to have any advice and companionship about my work. . . but

he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillow-case as

to let me have those stimulating people about now." (Gilman

196).


Probably in large part because of her oppression, she

continues to decline. "I don't feel as if it was worthwhile

to turn my hand over for anything. . ." (Gilman 197). It

seems that her husband is oblivious to her declining

conditon, since he never admits she has a real problem until

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the end of the story -- at which time he fainted.


John could have obtained council from someone less

personally involved in her case, but the only help he seeks

was for the house and baby. He obtains a nanny to watch

over the children while he was away at work each day: "It

is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby." (Gilman 195).

And he had his sister Jennie take care of the house. "She

is a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper." (Gilman 196).


He does talk of taking her to an expert: "John says if I

don't pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in

the fall." But she took that as a threat since he was even

more domineering than her husband and brother.


Not only does he fail to get her help, but by keeping

her virtually a prisoner in a room with nauseating wallpaper

and very little to occupy her mind, let alone offer any kind

of mental stimulation, he almost forces her to dwell on her

problem. Prison is supposed to be depressing, and she is

pretty close to being a prisoner.


Perhaps if she had been allowed to come and go and do

as she pleased her depression might have lifted: "I think

sometimes that if I were only well enough to write a little

it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me." (Gilman

195). It seems that just being able to tell someone how she

really felt would have eased her depression, but John

won't hear of it. The lack of an outlet caused the

depression to worsen: ". . . I must say what I feel and

* * * * * Roberts 4

think in some way -- it is such a relief! But the effort is

getting to be greater than the relief." (Gilman 198).


Meanwhile her reaction is to seek to prove him wrong.

"John is a physician, and perhaps . . . perhaps that is one

reason I do not get well faster. You see he does not

believe I am sick! And what can one do?" (Gilman 193). It

seems to me that while putting on an appearance of

submission she was frequently rebelling against her

husband's orders. She writes when there is nobody around to

see her, she tries to move her bed, but always keeps an eye

open for someone comming. This is obvious throughout the

story.


It also seems to me that, probably because of his

oppressive behaviour, she wants to drive her husband away.

"John is away all day, and even some nights when his cases

are serious. I am glad my case is not serious!" (Gilman

195). As her breakdown approaches she actually locks him

out of her room: "I have locked the door and thrown the key

down into the front path. I don't want to go out, and I

don't want to have anybody come in, till John comes. I want

to astonish him." (Gilman 203). I see no reason for this

other than to force him to see that he was wrong, and, since

she knew he couldn't tolerate hysteria, to drive him away.


Works Cited

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "The Yellow Wallpaper." 1892.
The New England Magazine. Reprinted in "Lives &
Moments - An Introduction to Short Fiction" by Hans
Ostrom. Hold, Orlando, FL 1991.